Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transcript level in breast cancer tissues

Background: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane cell-surface glycoprotein with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity. EGFR has been shown to stimulate cell proliferation and to enhance the migration and invasiveness of breast cancer. EGFR is expressed in epidermal cell lines and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of many different types of cancer. Objective: To evaluate the level of EGFR transcript in breast cancer and normal tissues; comparison the EGFR transcript level at different development stages and cancer cell types. Subject and methods: Total RNA from 62 tissue samples including 47 breast cancer and 15 normal tissues were extracted; cDNA synthesis by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction, EGFR transcript level were determined using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Result and conclusions: EGFR transcript level was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues compared to the normal tissues. Especially, its expression was related to the different status and cancer cell types of breast cancer. There was a difference of EGFR transcript level between histological pathology\u2019s forms of breast cancer in the same stage.

Detection of mutant dystrophin gene carrier using quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction

Background: Deletion and duplication mutations of dystrophin gene make up from 70 to 75% of patients with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). Two thirds of children with DMD inherited from the heterozygous mothers the mutated gene which is located on one of the sex chromosomes. Objective: To detect the asymptomatic carriers of dystrophin gene mutation using molecular techniques. Subject and methods: 3 DMD patients and their 9 relatives. Using techniques: DNA extraction and quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Results: Successfully detected 4 heterozygous individuals from 9 female members of three different families that have already confirmed DMD patients. Conclusion: This method could lead to a new way of prenatal diagnosis of DMD as well as other genetic disorders that are caused by deletion or duplication mutation.

Cloning of the gene encoding human recombinant blood \u2013 coagulation factor WIII

Background: Hemophilia A is a genetic bleeding disorder that results from a deficiency in factor VIII. The prevalence of Hemophilia in Vietnam is rather high (2/34830 people) and Vietnam has high usage demand for factor VIII in the treatment and prevention of the disease. Therefore, it is necessary to study and produce recombinant blood \u2013 coagulation factor WIII. Objective: To clone successfully A1A2 and A3C2 gen fragment encoding factor VIII. Subject and Method: Amplify A1A2 and A3C2 gene fragments by PCR from human cDNA. PCR products were ligated into cloning vector pQE \u2013 30UA. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into E.coli DH5 alpha host strain. Inserted A1A2 and A3C2 gene fragments were checked by PCR and restriction enzymes. Result: Successfully amplifying functional gene fragments encoding factor VIII using specific primers. Conclusion: Obtaining pQE \u2013 30UA vector carrying A1A2 and A3C2 fragments encoding factor VIII. This is the premise result for the next studies on synthesis of recombinant factor WIII and application of genetic therapy.

Expression of Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) in benign prostatic hyperplasia,prostate intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is up-regulated in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP expression is related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objectives: To determine HIP in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues. Materials and method: Western blot method was used to determine HIP expression in 3 different types of prostate tissue, including 11 prostate cancer samples, 2 benign prostatic hyperplasia samples and 11 prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia samples. Results. HIP was particularly up-regulated in prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, indicating that up-regulation of HIP expression may be an early event in tumorgenesis. Conclusion: The expression of HIP was different between cancer, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia tissue and benign prostatic hyperplasia. HIP may serve as a prognostic marker for prostate carcinoma.

Preliminary evaluation of the role of biomarkers in diagnosing dementia

Background: Dementia is a common pathological condition that affects older people. Most causes of dementia are Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. Diagnosing these conditions mostly relied on clinical patterns, but some biomarkers have been mentioned as the indicators of this condition. Objectives: 1) To evaluate the alteration of some biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from Alzheimer\u2019s patients. 2) To compare the concentration of biomarkers in CSF samples from patients with vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Subjects and method: Case group involved 41 patients who were diagnosed as AD and vascular dementia based on DSM-IV criteria. 31 matched healthy people were included in control group. All subjects were given neuro-psychological tests and thorough clinical examination. Brain CT scan and MRI were done for both groups. CSF samples were taken from patients in the study group to measure levels of some biomarkers. Results. The levels of total taurine (T-tau) and phosphorylated taurine (P-tau) 181 proteins are higher in the dementia group. The concentration of Abeta-42 is significantly different between case and control groups, but similar between vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Conclusion: Changes in biomarkers are valuable in different diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease and other types of dementia. However, findings of CSF studies have to be considered with findings from imaging studies and clinical examination.

Up-regulate Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) transcript in breast cancer tissues

Background: Heparansulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) is a protein that belongs to a novel class of heparin and heparansulfate binding protein. It plays an important role in extracellular matrix structure and function, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix adhesion, growth and differentiation. HIP was shown to be expressed in normal epithelia and epithelial cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Especially, HIP was found to be up-regulated in some cancer cell lines and related to different status and metastasis.\r\n', u'Objectives: To determinate HIP transcript level of mRNA in breast cancer tissues in comparison with normal tissues; to compare HIP transcript level at different cancer stages and cancer cell types. \r\n', u'Subjects and method: Total RNA was isolated from 62 tissue samples (47 breast cancer and 15 normal tissues); cDNA synthesis by reverse transcript \u2013polymerase chain reaction (RT \u2013 PCR); determination of HIP transcript using semi-quantitative RT \u2013 PCR. \r\n', u'Results: HIP transcript was particularly up \u2013 regulated in breast cancer tissues compared to normal tissues, especially this up-regulated in cancer tissues at different stages of development and cancer cell types. \r\n', u'Conclusion: These results show that the HIP transcript level was different between breast cancer and normal tissues and its expression was related to different status and metastasis in human cancer cell lines. HIP may be used as a prognostic marker for breast cancer.\r\n', u'

Application of neuropsychological battery tests in post-stroke dementia diagnosis among patients over 60 years old

Background: In Vascular Dementia (VaD) patients, the causes of blood vessels were common, and preventable and treatable, so that it is very important to detect and diagnose in the early stages of the disease. Diagnosis of dementia is based on clinical symptoms, and neuropsychological tests are useful tools. Objectives: (1) To evaluate the severity of VaD and Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) after the 1st ischemic stroke in patients over 60 years old. (2) To make observations on the clinical features of post stroke dementia in these patient groups using neuropsychological battery. Subjects: 94 patients with 1st acute ischemic stroke, who were over 60 years old, conscious and literate, and cooperated well with physicians. A standard evaluation protocol was conducted at one month after an ischemic stroke for all the patients. Method: Prospective study. Data was analyzed by using SPSS software version 13.0. Results and conclusions: The rates of VCI and VaD after the first ischemic stroke were 21.3% and 25.5%, respectively. Clinical determinants of dementia were: visuoconstruction (65% patients), visual motor speed (50%), memory disorders (more than 40%, in which visual memory 45.8% and verbal memory 41.6%), executive function (37.5%), and language skill (37.5%). The attention and language functions were less affected (only 25% of the patients). Mini mental state examination score can be used to evaluate and classify clearly 3 groups: VaD, VCI patients and normal people.

A nonsense mutation effects mRNA splicing process of dystrophin gene

Background: Production of semi-functional dystrophin protein from the dystrophin gene encoded with a premature stop codon has been shown to modify the severe phenotype of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). The mutation of the dystrophin gene affects the process of complete mRNA and is important in gene therapy. Objective: To analyze the mutation of dystrophin gene in DMD cases. Subjects and methods: A patient with diagnosed with DMD when he was 2 years old, and at age 9, he was completely disabled and had to use a wheelchair. DNA and total RNA were extracted from fresh peripheral blood; cDNA was synthesized by transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR). PCR, nested PCR or sequence methods were used to determine the mutation of the dystrophin gene. Results: A nonsensical mutation (E638) due to a single nucleotide change in exon 17 of the dystrophin gene (GAA2047TAA) was identified. This mutation affects mRNA splicing process and induces complete exon 17 skipping. Conclusion: Patients, who had E638X mutation with exon 17 deletion in the dystrophin gene, had clinical symptoms of Becker Muscular Dystrophy (BMD). This discovery as a potential target for therapeutic strategies for DMD, to change the severe phenotype of DMD to a milder phenotype (BMD), in order to improve clinical conditions for the patients.

The differences of transcript level of Heparan-sulfate Interacting Protein (HIP) in benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer tissues

Background: Heparan-sufate interacting protetin (HIP) has been known to be up-regulated and expressed in various human cancer cell lines at both transcript and protein levels. HIP\u2019s expression was related to the differentiation status and cancer development. Objective: Using a semi-quantitative PCR method to determine HIP transcript levels in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer tissues. Subjects and methods: 30 samples of BPH, 12 samples of high-grade PIN, and 40 samples of prostate cancer were collected from patients at Viet Duc Hospital and Friendship Hospital. Total RNA was extracted from BPH, PIN and prostate cancer tissues; cDNA synthesis by reverse transcript - polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR); HIP transcript determination using semi-quantitative PCR. Results: There was significant difference in HIP transcript levels. HIP transcript was very highly up-regulated in the prostate cancer tissues. The up-regulation of HIP transcript was lower in PIN, and lowest in BPH. HIP transcript levels in benign samples were 1/2 and 2/3 compared with cancer and PIN samples, respectively (P< 0.05). These indicated that up-regulation of HIP transcript may be an early event in tumorigenesis. Conclusions: Levels of HIP transcript were different between tissues of prostate cancer, PIN, and BPH. HIP may be a marker for pre-cancer of the prostate.

The determination heparansulphat interacing protein (HIP) transcript in cancer tissues using semiquantitative PCR and quantitative PCR methods

Background: Semiquantitative PCR and quantitative PCR are accurate and simple methods. They are commonly used to determine amplified gene levels in PCR reaction. Objective: Using semiquantitative PCR and quantitative PCR methods to determine HIP transcript levels in cancer and normal tissue; to evaluate sensibility of two methods. Subject and methods: 30 cancer patients were diagnosed based on clinical, para-clinical (ultrasound, biochemistry, histopathology) at K hospital in Hanoi. 15 benign tissue samples are used for control.mRNA was extracted from cancer and normal tissues, cDNA was synthesized by reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (RT - PCR); HIP transcript was determined using semiquantitative PCR and quantitative PCR methods. Results: Both methods showed the same results: HIP transcript was increase in cancer tissues but very low in normal tissues. This showed that HIP was linked closely with the development of cancer tissue. Conclusions: Levels of HIP transcript was different between cancer tissue and the normal control. Semi- quantitative PCR and quantitative PCR are useful methods to determine HIP transcript for cancer diagnosis. \r\n', u'\r\n', u'\r\n', u'

Clinical characteristics of poststroke dementia patients with age of 60 years and older

Background: Dementia is one of the major causes of dependency after stroke. The prevalence of poststroke dementia (PSD)defined as any dementia occurring after stroke is likely to increase in the future.Objectives: This study have two purposes: 1) Clinical study of MCI and dementia after the first stroke of patients with age of 60 years and older; 2) Overview on clinical characteristics of memory disorders. Subjects and method: 30 patients with were diagnosed with the first ischemic stroke in Huu nghi hospital together with the same number in the control group were involved in this study. The subjects in the two groups were all satisfied with included/excluded criteria diagnosis. Clinical diagnosis of new - onset dementia or other mental disorders was determined using neuropsychological tests. Results: Many functions of the brain were impaired including: logical memory, visiospatial skills, executive function were statistically reduced in the research group compared to the control. However, language function was also impacted but not as much as others. The frequency of the poststrocke dementia in this study was 12.3% while the poststrocke mild cognitive impairment rate was 47%. Conclusions: Global cognitive functioning together with memory state was significantly declined in the ischemic stroke compared to the control group.

Interaction of Heparin with protein

This paper introduced primarily about synthesis, degeneration and arrange of heparin in cell, Interaction between heparin and protein and the current main study way in this sector.

Affinity of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase to glycosaminoglycans

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FPA) was recently known as new member of heparin binding proteins and a new method for FPA purification has been proposed (Thanh Van Ta et all, J. Biochem. 125, 554-559,199) by measuring FPA - heparin binding inhibition caused by various glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), affinity of the two isoforms, aldolase A4 and C4, to the GAGs underphysiological ionic conditions was estimated. Among glycosaminoglycans employd, heparin was confirmed to be the unique one that could bind specifically these enzymes. In the lower ionic strength, the affinity order of both FPA isoforms (A4 and C4) to these GAGs appeared as heparin> chondroitin polysulfate> heparin sulfate > dermatan > chondrointin sulfate A > chondroin sulfate C. Employing the same techniques, the affinity of regioselectively desulfated heparins to FPA was estimated. Our results indicated that, among the sulfate groups is heparin, loss of N-sulfate group reduced most significantly the affinity to FPA A4 and C4. This sugests that FPA recognizes a specific heparin structure including the sulfo-amino group at C2 of the glucosamine residue as the vital factor in this interaction.